Solid modeling Wikipedia. The geometry in solid modeling is fully described in 3D space objects can be viewed from any angle. Solid modeling or modelling is a consistent set of principles for mathematical and computer modeling of three dimensional solids. Solid modeling is distinguished from related areas of geometric modeling and computer graphics by its emphasis on physical fidelity. Together, the principles of geometric and solid modeling form the foundation of computer aided design and in general support the creation, exchange, visualization, animation, interrogation, and annotation of digital models of physical objects. OvervieweditThe use of solid modeling techniques allows for the automation of several difficult engineering calculations that are carried out as a part of the design process. Simulation, planning, and verification of processes such as machining and assembly were one of the main catalysts for the development of solid modeling. More recently, the range of supported manufacturing applications has been greatly expanded to include sheet metalmanufacturing, injection molding, welding, pipe routing etc. Beyond traditional manufacturing, solid modeling techniques serve as the foundation for rapid prototyping, digital data archival and reverse engineering by reconstructing solids from sampled points on physical objects, mechanical analysis using finite elements, motion planning and NC path verification, kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanisms, and so on. A central problem in all these applications is the ability to effectively represent and manipulate three dimensional geometry in a fashion that is consistent with the physical behavior of real artifacts. Solid modeling research and development has effectively addressed many of these issues, and continues to be a central focus of computer aided engineering. Mathematical foundationseditThe notion of solid modeling as practised today relies on the specific need for informational completeness in mechanical geometric modeling systems, in the sense that any computer model should support all geometric queries that may be asked of its corresponding physical object. The requirement implicitly recognizes the possibility of several computer representations of the same physical object as long as any two such representations are consistent. It is impossible to computationally verify informational completeness of a representation unless the notion of a physical object is defined in terms of computable mathematical properties and independent of any particular representation. Such reasoning led to the development of the modeling paradigm that has shaped the field of solid modeling as we know it today. All manufactured components have finite size and well behaved boundaries, so initially the focus was on mathematically modeling rigid parts made of homogeneous isotropic material that could be added or removed. These postulated properties can be translated into properties of subsets of three dimensional Euclidean space. Matlab 2012 Trial. The two common approaches to define solidity rely on point set topology and algebraic topology respectively. Both models specify how solids can be built from simple pieces or cells. Calculators, engineering, mechanical, electrical, electronics, design, construction, manufacturing, consultant, layout, software, chemical, plastic, polymers. D software. SLS 3D printing becomes more accessible as Autodesk Netfabb adds support for Sinterit Lisa. In this free Financial Modeling Training Course, you will learn step by step approach to build Colgate Palmolive Financial Model from scratch. Join Scott Onstott for an indepth discussion in this video, Using the exercise files, part of AutoCAD 3D Surface Model Design. Regularization of a 2 d set by taking the closure of its interior. According to the continuum point set model of solidity, all the points of any X 3 can be classified according to their neighborhoods with respect to X as interior, exterior, or boundary points. Provides detailed reference material for using SASSTAT software to perform statistical analyses, including analysis of variance, regression, categorical data. Assuming 3 is endowed with the typical Euclidean metric, a neighborhood of a point p X takes the form of an open ball. For X to be considered solid, every neighborhood of any p X must be consistently three dimensional points with lower dimensional neighborhoods indicate a lack of solidity. Dimensional homogeneity of neighborhoods is guaranteed for the class of closed regular sets, defined as sets equal to the closure of their interior. Any X 3 can be turned into a closed regular set or regularized by taking the closure of its interior, and thus the modeling space of solids is mathematically defined to be the space of closed regular subsets of 3 by the Heine Borel theorem it is implied that all solids are compact sets. In addition, solids are required to be closed under the Boolean operations of set union, intersection, and difference to guarantee solidity after material addition and removal. Applying the standard Boolean operations to closed regular sets may not produce a closed regular set, but this problem can be solved by regularizing the result of applying the standard Boolean operations. The regularized set operations are denoted, , and. Sweep Modeling Software' title='3 Sweep Modeling Software' />Introduction SolidWorks modeling software is used around the world to design products, develop machinery, and create production systems. The success of the software. Sweep Modeling Software' title='3 Sweep Modeling Software' />The combinatorial characterization of a set X 3 as a solid involves representing X as an orientable cell complex so that the cells provide finite spatial addresses for points in an otherwise innumerable continuum. The class of semi analyticbounded subsets of Euclidean space is closed under Boolean operations standard and regularized and exhibits the additional property that every semi analytic set can be stratified into a collection of disjoint cells of dimensions 0,1,2,3. Pet Test Builder. A triangulation of a semi analytic set into a collection of points, line segments, triangular faces, and tetrahedral elements is an example of a stratification that is commonly used. The combinatorial model of solidity is then summarized by saying that in addition to being semi analytic bounded subsets, solids are three dimensional topological polyhedra, specifically three dimensional orientable manifolds with boundary. In particular this implies the Euler characteristic of the combinatorial boundary5 of the polyhedron is 2. The combinatorial manifold model of solidity also guarantees the boundary of a solid separates space into exactly two components as a consequence of the Jordan Brouwer theorem, thus eliminating sets with non manifold neighborhoods that are deemed impossible to manufacture. The point set and combinatorial models of solids are entirely consistent with each other, can be used interchangeably, relying on continuum or combinatorial properties as needed, and can be extended to n dimensions. The key property that facilitates this consistency is that the class of closed regular subsets of n coincides precisely with homogeneously n dimensional topological polyhedra. Therefore, every n dimensional solid may be unambiguously represented by its boundary and the boundary has the combinatorial structure of an n1 dimensional polyhedron having homogeneously n1 dimensional neighborhoods. Solid representation schemeseditBased on assumed mathematical properties, any scheme of representing solids is a method for capturing information about the class of semi analytic subsets of Euclidean space. This means all representations are different ways of organizing the same geometric and topological data in the form of a data structure. All representation schemes are organized in terms of a finite number of operations on a set of primitives. Therefore, the modeling space of any particular representation is finite, and any single representation scheme may not completely suffice to represent all types of solids. For example, solids defined via combinations of regularized boolean operations cannot necessarily be represented as the sweep of a primitive moving according to a space trajectory, except in very simple cases.